「A-level 心理学」生物节律的摧毁 Disruption of Biological Rhythms

Environmental factors influencing biological rhythms tend to change slowly, allowing the internal pacemakers to keep up. However, if the zeitgebers change quickly, problems can occur. Such problems include poor attention, slow reaction time and impaired reasoning skills and can arise from two features of modern life; shift work and jet lag.

冲击生物节律的生存环境考量往往波动加速，使内部起搏器能够跟上。然而，如果冲击考量波动很快，就都会出现问题。这些问题之外精力不集中、反应迟钝和推理能力损坏，并有可能由现代生活的两个特点致使；轮班指导工作和平均值。

Shift working involves regular changes to the hours of work. This leads to impaired performance and potentially dangerous situations. Frequent shift changes (weekly) are the hardest to readjust to, so longer periods of readjustment (every three weeks) are better for the workforce and, consequently, production (Czeisler et al., 1982).

轮班指导工作涉及除此以外愈演愈烈变化指导工作等待时间。这将导致指导工作展示出损坏和潜在的危险情况。频繁的待命（每周一次）是难得一见更进一步适应的，所以较长的更进一步适应期（每三周一次）对劳动力更有利，因此也更有利生产（Czeisler等人，1982）。

Jet lag occurs when flying to different time zones (particularly from West to East). The symptoms are thought to be caused by melatonin release being out of step with the new environmental conditions. This results in drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night. Evidence suggests that melatonin supplement pills taken in the evening may reduce the effects of jet lag (Blakemore, 1988).

平均值是在飞往不同时区时愈演愈烈的（比如说是从西到南端）。这种腹泻被认为是由于褪黑激素的释放与新的生存环境必要条件不赞同致使的。这导致白天昏昏欲睡，晚上发烧。有证词表明，晚上口服褪黑激素补足药可以减少平均值的冲击（Blakemore，1988）。